Some hubs use serviceable "cup and cone" bearings, whereas some use pre-assembled replaceable "cartridge" bearings.Ī "cup and cone" hub contains loose balls that contact an adjustable 'cone' that is screwed onto the axle and a 'race' that is pressed permanently into the hub shell. Most bicycle hubs use steel or ceramic ball bearings. The bearings allow the hub shell (and the rest of the wheel parts) to rotate freely about the axle. Freeride and downhill are available with both 142 and 150 mm spacing. Mountain bikes have adopted a 135 mm rear hub width, which allows clearance to mount a brake disc on the hub or to decrease the wheel dish for a more durable wheel. Since the 1980s, bicycles have adopted standard axle spacing: the hubs of front wheels are generally 100 mm wide fork spacing, road wheels with freehubs generally have a 130 mm wide rear wheel hub. (found on higher end BMX hubs and some mountain bike hubs)
This design can be much stronger than traditional axles, which are commonly only 8 mm, 9 mm, 9.5 mm, or 10 mm in diameter. Female axle - hollow center axle, typically 14, 15, 17, or 20 mm in diameter made of chromoly and aluminum, with two bolts thread into on either side.This allows a degree of re-use of wheels between frames with different axle specifications. Adapters are usually available to convert wheels suitable for a larger thru axle to a smaller diameter, and to standard 9mm quick releases. Hubs/wheels do not include axles, and the axle is generally supplied with the fork or frame. Unlike other axle systems (except Lefty), the thru axle is specific to the fork or frame, not the hub. Thru axles repeatably locate the wheel in the fork or frame, which is important to prevent misalignment of brake rotors when using disc brakes. Most thru axles are found on mountain bikes, although increasingly disc-braked cyclocross and road bikes are using them. Rear axles typically have diameters of 10 or 12 mm.
Diameters for front thru axles include 20 mm, 15 mm, 12 mm, and 9 mm. Some axles have integrated cam levers that compress axle elements against the fork leg to lock it in place, while others rely on pinch bolts on the fork leg to secure it. Thru axle - a removable axle with a threaded end that is inserted through a hole in one fork leg, through the hub, and then screwed into the other fork leg.(found on some single speed hubs, Cannondale Lefty hubs) Bolt - the axle has a hole with threads cut into it and a bolt can be screwed into those threads.(often found on track, fixed gear, single speed, BMX and inexpensive bikes) Nut - the axle is threaded and protrudes past the sides of the fork/frame.Quick release - a lever and skewer that pass through a hollow axle designed to allow for installation and removal of the wheel without any tools (found on most modern road bikes and some mountain bikes).The axle is attached to dropouts on the fork or the frame.
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Hub shells can be one-piece with press-in cartridge or free bearings or, in the case of older designs, the flanges may be affixed to a separate hub shell. The hub shell typically has two machined metal flanges to which spokes can be attached. It consists of an axle, bearings and a hub shell. A typical modern wheel has a metal hub, wire tension spokes and a metal or carbon fiber rim which holds a pneumatic rubber tire.Ī hub is the center part of a bicycle wheel.
The first bicycle wheels followed the traditions of carriage building: a wooden hub, a fixed steel axle (the bearings were located in the fork ends), wooden spokes and a shrink fitted iron tire. The first wheel to use the tension in metal spokes was invented by Sir George Cayley to achieve lightness in his 1853 glider.
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